Normal and abnormal response to sperm deposition in female dogs: A review and new hypotheses for endometritis

In mammalian species there are significant physiological responses of the female reproductive tract to deposition sperm. These particularly notable in where sperm deposited directly into uterus, and function both facilitate transport reservoir, eliminate introduced contaminants. bitch, vagina rapidly transported through open cervix. Sperm then distributed around uterus by uterine contractions such that transportation tip horns occurs within 1 min start mating. The main reservoir appears be distal part utero-tubal junction which forms a pre-uterine tube reservoir. remain attached here their heads epithelium viable. non-capacitating conditions slowly detach from this site seems important replenish may re-attach epithelium. Post-ovulatory signals trigger capacitation changes subsequent hyperactivated motility is associated with detachment reservoirs; thus facilitating fertilization. After mating, post-mating inflammatory response occurs, evidenced an influx polymorphonuclear neutrophils, increased contractions, artery blood flow decrease resistance index indicating short-duration vasodilation. Disturbance tightly regulated system has potential impact fertility failure elimination contaminants (such clinically-significant post-breeding endometritis ensues) but also impairing transport.